188 research outputs found
Lunar Occultation of MACHOs
Lunar occultation can be used to measure the proper motions of some of the
long time scale microlensing events, t_{e} \gsim 70 days, now being detected
toward the Galactic bulge. The long events are difficult to explain within the
context of standard models of the mass distribution and dynamics of the Galaxy.
Han & Gould (1995b) have suggested that they may be due to a kinematically cold
population near the Sun. To resolve the mass, distance, and velocity of
individual events and so to determine their nature, one must measure parallaxes
and proper motions. For long events, parallaxes can be often obtained from
ground-based measurements, but proper motions can only rarely be determined
using conventional methods. Lunar occultations are therefore key to the
understanding of the long events. We carry out realistic simulations to
estimate the uncertainty of these measurements and show that proper motions
could be measured for about one long event per year.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, request hard copy of preprint to
[email protected]
Luminosity Function of the Perigalactocentric Region
We present H and K photometry of 42,000 stars in an area of 250 arcmin
centered on the Galactic center. We use the photometry to construct a
dereddened K band luminosity function (LF) for this region, excluding the
excessively crowded inner 2' of the Galaxy. This LF is intermediate between the
LF of Baade's window and the LF of inner 2' of the Galactic center. We
speculate that the bright stars in this region have an age which is
intermediate between the starburst population in the Galactic center and the
old bulge population. We present the coordinates and mags for 16 stars with
K_{0} < 5 for spectroscopic follow up.Comment: 25 pages. Tarred, gzipped and uuencoded. Includes LaTex source file,
Figures 3 to 9 and 5 Tables. Figures 1 and 2 are available at
ftp://bessel.mps.ohio-state.edu/pub/vijay . Submitted to Ap
Biased Estimates of Omega from Comparing Smoothed Predicted Velocity Fields to Unsmoothed Peculiar Velocity Measurements
We show that a regression of unsmoothed peculiar velocity measurements
against peculiar velocities predicted from a smoothed galaxy density field
leads to a biased estimate of the cosmological density parameter Omega, even
when galaxies trace the underlying mass distribution and galaxy positions and
velocities are known perfectly. The bias arises because the errors in the
predicted velocities are correlated with the predicted velocities themselves.
We investigate this bias using cosmological N-body simulations and analytic
arguments. In linear perturbation theory, for cold dark matter power spectra
and Gaussian or top hat smoothing filters, the bias in Omega is always
positive, and its magnitude increases with increasing smoothing scale. This
linear calculation reproduces the N-body results for Gaussian smoothing radii
R_s > 10 Mpc/h, while non-linear effects lower the bias on smaller smoothing
scales, and for R_s < 3 Mpc/h Omega is underestimated rather than
overestimated. The net bias in Omega for a given smoothing filter depends on
the underlying cosmological model. The effect on current estimates of Omega
from velocity-velocity comparisons is probably small relative to other
uncertainties, but taking full advantage of the statistical precision of future
peculiar velocity data sets will require either equal smoothing of the
predicted and measured velocity fields or careful accounting for the biases
discussed here.Comment: 11 pages including 2 eps figures. Submitted to Ap
Syntheses of Functionalised [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Structure and Reactivity Studies
[2.2]Paracyclophane, a strained sandwich structured molecule, possessing bent benzene rings due to the short ethano bridges, has interested chemists, theoreticians and industrialists over many years. It has found a wide variety of application in stereoselective synthesis, material science, basic organic and supramolecular chemistry are a few to mention. It is also a multi ton industrial product used as a monomer in polymer chemistry. In this thesis, the syntheses of various functionalised [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives possessing different substitution patterns are described. Also a new class of indanono- and indenonophanes have been described. The functionalised cyclophanes structural, chemical, mechanistic and spectroscopic properties have been studied carefully and extensively. These functionalised cyclophanes were also subjected to polymerisation by chemical vapour deposition.[2.2]Paracyclophan, ein gespanntes Molekuel mit sandwichartiger Struktur, welches aufgrund der kurzen Ethanobruecken bootfoermig verzerrte Benzolringe aufweist ist seit Jahren von Interesse für Chemiker, Theoretiker und die Chemische Industrie. Anwendungsbereiche sind unter anderem stereoselektive Synthese, Materialwissenschaften, Organische und Supramolekulare Chemie. Dieses im multi Tonnen Maßstab industriell gefertigte Produkt wird als Monomer in der Polymerchemie verwendet. In dieser Dissertation wird die Synthese einer Vielzahl funktionalisierter [2.2]Paracyclophanderivate mit einem breiten Spektrum an Substitutionsmustern beschrieben. Ebenfalls wird eine neue Klasse von Indanono- und Indenonophanen beschrieben. Die strukturellen, chemischen, mechanistischen und spektroskopischen Eigenschaften der funktionalisierten Cyclophane wurde eingehend untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurden dieser funktionalisierten Cyclophane für die Polymerisation durch Chemical Vapour Deposition genutzt
Bott--Kitaev periodic table and index theory
We consider topological insulators and superconductors with discrete
symmetries and clarify the relevant index theory behind the periodic table
proposed by Kitaev.
An effective Hamiltonian determines the analytical index, which can be
computed by a topological index. We focus on the spatial dimensions one, two
and three, and only consider the bulk theory.
In two dimensions, the -valued invariants are given by the first
Chern number. Meanwhile, -valued invariants can be computed by
the odd topological index and its variations.
The Bott-Kitaev periodic table is well-known in the physics literature, we
organize the topological invariants in the framework of KR-theory.Comment: 37 page
Lyman-alpha Forest Constraints on the Mass of Warm Dark Matter and the Shape of the Linear Power Spectrum
High resolution N-body simulations of cold dark matter (CDM) models predict
that galaxies and clusters have cuspy halos with excessive substructure.
Observations reveal smooth halos with central density cores. One possible
resolution of this conflict is that the dark matter is warm (WDM); this will
suppress the power spectrum on small scales. The Lyman-alpha forest is a
powerful probe of the linear power spectrum on these scales. We use
collisionless N-body simulations to follow the evolution of structure in WDM
models, and analyze artificial Lyman-alpha forest spectra extracted from them.
By requiring that there is enough small-scale power in the linear power
spectrum to reproduce the observed properties of the Lyman-alpha forest in
quasar spectra, we derive a lower limit to the mass of the WDM particle of 750
eV. This limit is robust to reasonable uncertainties in our assumption about
the temperature of the mean density gas (T0) at z=3. We argue that any model
that suppresses the CDM linear theory power spectrum more severely than a 750
eV WDM particle cannot produce the Lyman-alpha forest.Comment: 13 pages including 4 color Figures and 1 Table, submitted to ApJ
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